The Right Of Privacy A Human Right And An Element Of...

The Right to Privacy can be described as a human right and an element of various legal traditions which may restrain both government and private party action that threatens the privacy of individuals. On the topic of an individual s Right to Privacy, there comes controversy. Some would argue that it is a right and others would say it is a privilege. Those that say it is a privilege, would argue that the Right to Privacy can be taken from anyone at anytime without their consent. On the flip side, those who believe it is a right to have privacy, would argue that an individual s privacy is theirs indefinitely and they have say as to what can be monitored or taken away. However, a person should be able to keep their privacy rights as long as that individual is not invading on other people s property whether that be invading land, hacking into online accounts, or breaking the law while putting others at risk. When discussing the topic of people s rights to the land they have ownership of, there is a lot of confusion on what power the government has and what right the landowner has. A common issue with the fight for land is â€Å"land grabbing†. Land Grabbing is the seizing of land often unfairly or illegally by the government due to weak laws allowing them to latch onto land that doesn’t belong to them and sell it to the highest bidder. According to a recent study done by Oxfam America, â€Å"We all rely on the land-our common ground- and farms to put food on the table.† Here inShow MoreRelatedAboriginal And Torres Strait Islanders1514 Words   |  7 Pagesthe people who were there before any settlers of a different land came and took over. Indigenous people will have generally retained their cultural practices and traditions that will differ greatly from that of the settlers. The term ‘Indigenous person’ is used to describe Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. (Australian Human Rights Commission, n.d.) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders are the original land owners of Australia, having lived here for more than 40,000. They were free to practiceRead MoreBusiness Ethics Test Questions with Answers Essay22425 Words   |  90 Pagesprofessional and ethical obligation to clients rooted in trust that overrides his personal interests. a.  statutory duties b.  executive rights c.  creditor claims d.  fiduciary duties Answer: d 25. Which of the following statements is true of conflicts of interests? a. Self-interest makes it easy for individuals to fulfill their gatekeeper duties. b. Legal protection cannot shield professionals from conflicts of interests. c. Cross-selling of consulting services reduces conflicts of interestsRead MoreIs Privacy Law Trumps Telecommunication Law? Discuss?4398 Words   |  18 PagesQuestion: ?Privacy law trumps telecommunication law? Discuss. Answer: Telecommunication law content issues which raise privacy concerns are generally presumed to concern the protection of privacy information, and conversation between individuals. In case of telecommunication system call detail records, caller?s information, internet conversation details and many more are retained by government and commercial organisation for different legal and business purpose. When the data is retained by governmentRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Written and Unwritten Constitutions3287 Words   |  14 Pagesorganization is governed, especially when embodying the rights of subjects. A constitution sets out how all the elements of Government are organized and how power is carved up among different political units. It contains rules about what power is wielded, who wields it and over whom it is wielded in the governing of a country. As a kind of deal or contract between those in power and those who are subjected to this power, a constitution defines the right s and duties of citizens and the devices that keepRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Written and Unwritten Constitutions3293 Words   |  14 Pagesorganization is governed, especially when embodying the rights of subjects. A constitution sets out how all the elements of Government are organized and how power is carved up among different political units. It contains rules about what power is wielded, who wields it and over whom it is wielded in the governing of a country. As a kind of deal or contract between those in power and those who are subjected to this power, a constitution defines the rights and duties of citizens and the devices that keepRead MoreIndividual Privacy vs National Security5833 Words   |  24 PagesIndividual Privacy VS National Security John Williams ENG 122: GSE 1244A Instructor: Ebony Gibson November 1, 2012 Individual Privacy VS National Security Introduction Since the terrorist attack of 9/11, America has been in a high level conflict with terrorist around the world, particularly the group known as Al Qaeda. There has been many discussions within the U.S. Congress about the measures of how to effectively combat this organization and their members, here and abroad. ConsequentlyRead MoreEssay about Tolerance, Liberalism, and Community3324 Words   |  14 Pagesself-conceptions that liberal neutrality is blocked at the level of reflection. This holds true for us in virtue of the socially acquired reflective self found in the pluralist modern world. I reject Michael J. Sandel’s argument that to resolve issues of privacy rights we must reach a shared view of the moral worth of, for instance, homosexual conduct. The view of community most consistent with our situation is a simple causal conception: we are all members of the same community to the extent that we inhabitRead MoreCorrelation Between Corporate Transparency N Business Perf ormance3603 Words   |  15 Pagesgovernance means ruling justly, enforcing laws and contracts fairly, respecting human rights and property rights and fighting corruption. What exactly is corporate governance? What is the relationship between corporate transparency and performance? What criteria should be considered for strong corporate governance and sound business practices? My paper sheds light on these questions by taking into account the various principles, factors and standards binding the relationship between corporate governanceRead MoreThe Trafficking Of Human Trafficking3494 Words   |  14 Pagesslavery ended, never to return, they go back and sneak into our communities in severe forms by human trafficking crimes. When humanity eliminated the phenomenon of human slavery, it returned in different pictures and forms, combining them enslaving people, through the recruitment, transportation, transfer of people by force and threat, and using and exploiting them in different ways. Among the victims of human trafficking crimes, there are those who are subjected to sexual exploitation, labor exploitationRead MoreSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 PagesETHICS: 6 1- Religion: 6 2- Genetic Inheritance: 8 3- Philosophical Systems: 8 4- Cultural Experience: 8 5- The Legal System: 9 6- Codes of Conduct: 9 2.0- EXPLANATION OF THE SOURCES OF ETHICS: 10 2.1- RELIGION: 10 Teaching business ethics 12 2.11- Impact Of Religiosity: 13 2.12- Ethics Of Islam: 14 Nature of Islamic Ethics 17 The Human-Environment Relationship: 20 The Sustainable Care of Nature: 22 The Practice of Islamic Environmental Ethics: 22 2

Five Women Who Changed History English Literature Essay Free Essays

Five adult females in history have influenced the manner adult females are seen in our society today. They are Sacagawea, Julia Boggs Dent Grant, Anne Hutchinson, Abigail Adams, and Harriet Beecher Stowe. Julia Boggs Dent Grant pushed her hubby, Ulysses Grant, to go president and so became an of import advisor to him. We will write a custom essay sample on Five Women Who Changed History English Literature Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Anne Hutchinson lived in the colonial times of America ‘s history. One of the first New England colonists to oppugn the authorization of the Puritan leaders in spiritual affairs, Anne Hutchinson prefers to follow her scruples to blind obeisance. She helped develop the construct of spiritual freedom. Abigail Adams, the married woman of John Adams, was an advocator of adult females ‘s rights and in a missive, to her hubby, wrote, â€Å" Remember the ladies. † Harriet Beecher Stowe is an writer and an emancipationist. When Lewis and Clark asked Sacagawea ‘s hubby to their translator on their journey, he agreed merely if Sacagawea was allowed to come along. Lewis and Clark agreed because they thought her presence would talk good to the Indians they would meet during their escapade through the Wild West. Womans have existed alongside work forces for around 10,000 old ages, but work forces, in history books, have ever had the limelight on their workss, their journ eys, and their lives, but adult females are the anchor of our society, now and so. Much of Sacagawea ‘s life is a enigma and is full of guess. She was born around 1788. She is the girl of a Shoshone head and is born in Lemhi County, Idaho. Around the age of 10, Hidatsa Indians, an enemy of the Shoshones, captured Sacagawea. They brought her back to their small town in upper Missouri. A Gallic Canadian trapper, named Toussaint Charbonneau, came along, purchased Sacagawea and another confined miss to be his married womans. Lewis and Clark really asked Toussaint to be their translator for their journey, but for him to travel Sacagawea would hold to come along every bit good. They agreed to that trade. Lewis and Clark hoped that Sacagawea ‘s mere presence would assist the Indians be friendlier to them. Sacagawea gave birth to her first boy on the route with her hubby, Lewis and Clark. She named him Jean Baptiste Charbonneau and Clark gave him the moniker Pomp. ( PBS ) When the group found themselves every bit far as they could travel on pes, Lewis left to h appen a Shoshone set, which he hoped to derive Equus caballuss from them. This is what Lewis wrote about the twenty-four hours they went to acquire Equus caballuss from the Shoshone set, â€Å" aˆÂ ¦We shortly drew near to the cantonment, and merely as we approached it a adult female made her manner through the crowd towards Sacajawea, and acknowledging each other, they embraced with the most tender fondness. The meeting of these two immature adult females had in it something particularly touching, non merely in the fervent mode in which their feelings were expressed, but from the existent involvement of their state of affairs. . . Clark and Lewis shortly after met with the head. . . After this the conference was to be opened, and sword lily of an chance of being able to discourse more clearly, Sacajawea was sent for ; she came into the collapsible shelter, sat down, and was get downing to construe, when in the individual of Cameahwait she recognized her brother: She immediate ly jumped up, and ran and embraced him, throwing over him her cover and crying abundantly: The head was himself moved, though non in the same grade. After some conversation between them she resumed her place, and attempted to construe for us, but her new state of affairs seemed to overmaster her, and she was often interrupted by her cryings † ( Lewis, Meriwether ) . Sacagawea, in this transition, is evidently happy to see him, but alternatively of merely traveling back to her folk, she decides to go on her journey with them. After this, it is non precisely rather clear what happened to Sacagawea. Some say she died of â€Å" putrid febrility † tardily in 1812 with her hubby in St. Louis. Others suspect that she returned to her folk and died there sometime around 1884. The stoping of Sacagawea might non be clear, but her narrative of the Wild West and will ever be remembered for old ages to come. Julia Boggs Dent Grant was born on January 26, 1826 in St. Louis, Missouri to born to â€Å" Colonel † Frederick Dent. He was a successful plantation proprietor. The female parent of Julia was Ellen Bray Wrenshall Dent. She was a really educated adult female and made certain her kids were excessively. Therefore, Julia was sent to go to the local school that was run by John F. Long. Subsequently, to be enrolled in a boarding school called the Mauro Boarding School. She went to school at that place for seven old ages and being at that place, Julia grew fond of her literature classs. She read The Dashing Lieutenant and said that she was traveling to get married a solider one twenty-four hours. She returned place in 1844 and met Ulysses Grant for the first clip when he came to see his west point roomie and her older brother. Ulysses and Julia were mesmerized by each other. They had a batch in common. For illustration, they both loved novels and were raised as rigorous Methodist ch urchs. Ulysses admired Julia ‘s sprit, and they both shared a love of Equus caballuss. This may be a great lucifer for Julia, but her male parent did non O.K. . Just before Ulysses was ordered to Louisiana, he proposed to Julia, and she said yes, of class. Her male parent did non cognize of this at all. They were eventually married on August 22, 1848. Rumors went around that Ulysses was a rummy, but Julia defended him stating, â€Å" Sam merely drunk when he was lonely for his familyaˆÂ ¦ † ( Julia Grant ) The grant household had a difficult life together and moved from topographic point to topographic point. The household eventually found their forever place in galena, Illinois. The civil war came and went. That was a difficult clip for the household, but they pushed though. Ulysses became president on March 4, 1869. Julia loved and adored being the first lady, but when she found out one twenty-four hours that the white house ‘s staff was non leting inkiness s at a response, she was non really pleased. When Ulysses left office, they traveled around the universe, and Julia found joy one time once more. They returned place and Ulysses was diagnosed with malignant neoplastic disease. He died and Julia was so devastated that she could non convey herself to go to his funeral. Julia dies December 14, 1902, at the age 76. She is buried following to her hubby in the national memorial. Anne Hutchinson was a courageous adult female and was born July 20, 1595 in England. Her male parent, Reverend Francis Marbury, was a deacon at Christ church and was imprisoned for prophesying against the inutility of English curates. Anne was educated at place by reading many of her male parent ‘s divinity and faith books. Having grown up during the persecution of the Catholics and Separatists under Elizabeth and James I, Anne developed a sense of the thought of faith freedom and the thought of rights for all. 21 old ages of her life passed, and William Hutchinson oculus found Anne. Her courted her or flirted with her until they were married on August 9, 1612. She finally moved to Massachusetts Bay with her hubby and household. Anne started out, in her community at Massachusetts Bay, really liked because of her encephalon and contemplation, but shortly ran into jobs when she spoke of her spiritual positions and was seen as an vocal adult female. Interested in of import theolog ical issues, Anne begins to keep hebdomadal meetings in her place after Sunday services. The attending of these meetings grew readily and even had caught the oculus of some of the local taking citizens who started to go to every bit good. After holding established her function as the treatment leader, she revealed at the meeting her back uping position of the efficaciousness of religion entirely as the manner to redemption. Her position was contrasting to the position of the Puritans that the manner to redemption was good plants. She even told the meeting of her position that God showed himself to anyone without the demand of a clergy. A adult male named John Winthrop warned Anne about her spiritual positions. He said this to her â€Å" aˆÂ ¦women could make irreparable harm to their encephalons by chew overing deep theological mattersaˆÂ ¦ † ( John Winthrop ) This position of adult females was common in this twenty-four hours of age, but still Anne went on disregar ding John Winthrop ‘s warning. Because of Anne ‘s refusal to halt her ‘silly ‘ positions, Winthrop and John Cotton led an resistance of Anne Hutchison. Anne and her followings were charged of the antinomian unorthodoxy. Anne went before the general tribunal in 1637. The tribunal found her guilty and banished her organize the bay settlement. She moved to a settlement in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. Anne Hutchison is a really of import individual in American history because without her America would ne’er hold developed the construct of spiritual freedom in the Constitution ‘s measure of rights. Indians killed Anne Hutchison at East Chester, New York in 1643. This may be a tragic stoping to such an astonishing adult female, but she will ever be remembered for her positions on freedom of faith, freedom of idea, and freedom to idolize. Abigail Smith Adams was born November 11, 1744 in Weymouth, Massachusetts to Elizabeth Quincy Smith and Reverend William Smith. Like most of the misss back so, she did non hold a formal instruction, but took advantage of her male parent ‘s library and reading the Bible. Her male parent is the curate of the North Parish Congregational Church of Weymouth. Even though most of Abigail ‘s relations were merchandisers and ship captains, she was raised in a simple, rural environment. Her instruction was home edge, where she learned how to run up, and how to work with all right needlecraft, and cookery. She learned how to read and compose, every bit good. Her deficiency of a existent instruction became a womb-to-tomb sorrow for her. She met John Adams in 1759, and they are reacquainted two old ages subsequently. They are married on October 25, 1764. They had many values and positions in common. In the 10 old ages, they were married they had four kids. The radical war spilt them a part. While John went to war for his state, Abigail and her kids tended to their farm. During this clip, Abigail sent legion letters to her hubby, relations, and friends. These letters are all of import, but one missive of hers in peculiar changed the class of history forever. In this missive, she wrote, â€Å" I long to hear that you have declared an independence — and by the manner in the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to do I desire you would retrieve the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them than your ascendants. Do non set such limitless power into the custodies of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be autocrats if they could. If peculiar attention and attending is non paid to the Ladies we are determined to agitate a Rebellion, and will non keep ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation † ( Adams, Abigail ) . This missive states that if work forces had all of the power, they would tyran ts etc. Abigail wrote down her ideas and advocated for adult females ‘s rights because she believe she could alter how work forces saw adult females. John went into office and Abigail became the first married woman to remain in the white house with her hubby. Many old ages passed and Abigail died of enteric fever febrility and surrounded by household members she died October 28, 1818. Abigail Adams was an astonishing adult female and she fought to pattern a place for adult females in political relations. If Abigail decided non to talk her head, adult females today would ne’er hold been able to hold a place in the authorities and in political relations. As the remainder of these adult females, she will ever be remembered for old ages to come. Harriet Beecher Stowe was born on June 14, 1811, in Litchfield, Connecticut. Her parents were Lyman Beecher and Roxanna Foote Beecher. Her female parent died when Harriet was merely a kid. Harriet was enrolled in school that followed the class of classical acquisition that was normally reserved for immature work forces. When she was 21, she moved to Cincinnati, Ohio. Her male parent took a strong emancipationist stance when he lived through the pro-slavery Cincinnati Riots of 1836. His position strengthened Harriet ‘s abolitionist belief and made her more strongly an emancipationist. She found like-minded friends in a local literary association called the Semi-Colon Club. One of them being a Calvin Ellis Stowe and they married on January 6, 1836. When Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Law, motivating hurt and hurt in emancipationist and free black communities of the North, Harriet Decided to revenge by composing a literary representation of bondage called Uncle Tom ‘s Ca bin. Her book went on to be a really celebrated book. She wrote many other books, every bit good. Afer many old ages of Writing, she dies on July 1, 1896 in Hartford, Connecticut. Womans are an of import add-on to society, now and so. They are and will ever be the anchor of our civilisation. While raising a kid, Sacagawea and her hubby helped, Lewis and Clark discover the West for the United States. She had the bravery to alternatively of returning to her folk, she wanted to go on on the journey though the Wild West with her hubby, her kid, Lewis and Clark. Julia Boggs Dent Grant pushed her hubby to go president and many adult females like to believe she is the existent ground why Ulysses Grant did what he did in his clip as president. Anne Hutchinson spoke her head and was punished for it, but she still went on and is the ground our state has freedom of faith in our Bill of Rights. Abigail Adams was a courageous adult female. She had the bravery to talk her head, as Anne Hutchison did in her clip, to recommend and pattern a function for adult females in public personal businesss. She even had the backbones plenty to direct letters to her hubby warning him wha t would go on if work forces got all the power in our state. Harriet Beecher Stowe may non hold truly advocated for adult females ‘s rights, but she was an emancipationist and a damn good one at that. These five adult females are merely some of the few adult females who did something they thought was and stuck with it. Womans like these are difficult to come of these yearss and adult females today who refuse to see their function as a soundless background will ever do history that is great plenty for the history books no affair what. All it toke from this five adult females was one belief or value they had to alter the universe how they thought it should be like. Womans have existed alongside work forces for around 10,000 old ages, but work forces, in history books, have ever had the limelight on their workss, their journeys, and their lives, but adult females are the anchor of our society, now and so. How to cite Five Women Who Changed History English Literature Essay, Essay examples

Learning And Innovation In Organizations -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Learning And Innovation In Organizations? Answer: Introducation The purpose of the article is to visit the different places and gain experiences to build capabilities and skills through CPD program. Value is added from the study trip through adult learning and the Vocational training can be beneficial for marketing the adults learn about apprenticeship through training sessions for performance improvement (Sung and Choi 2014). After visiting the German railway company in Berlin, vocational training could be participated in for enhancing communication skills and knowledge. Through augmented reality, people at the TAE community would get vocational training that could assist them in progressing in their professional career. Vocational training can assist me to follow rules while speaking German in classroom or at home. This kind training could incorporate German educational methods in the teaching style for creating a good culture and utilize various teaching resources that can be useful while studying at Singapore too. Why do you think such an article will impact our TAE community To provide benefits for the TAE community, I have put more focus on the vocational training supported by the Fraunhofer Institute for Intelligent Analysis and Information Systems specialized in the fields of data analytics, artificial intelligence and deep learning. By visiting DHL group, knowledge is obtained regarding the logistics operations and application processes associated with the training, development and performance enhancement at TAE community. The different teaching styles at Germany can help me in adult learning through performance improvement as well. Template for an Article Building and improvement of capacity for the TAE community with the use of CPD program It is mainly for facilitating the process of adult learning and allowing them to enhance their skills, knowledge and expertise. The purpose of the article is to use the CPD program and improve the process of adult learning for benefiting the TAE community with ease and effectiveness (Salas et al. 2012). Various organizations are visited including DHL group, Mercedes Benz and Deutsche Bahn (German railway) with sharing by Federal Ministry of Education, Research, and Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training. The training and educational facilities supported by vocational training have improved my ability to analyse data and information systems too. One of the German teaching culture that I will follow is to evaluate the knowledge of students of the German language. Another teaching culture could be involvement of family and friends to develop immersion situations. These teaching styles can be supported by vocational training and allow me to use creative language, make appropriate use of grammars, culturally accurate idiomatic expressions and use proper language to communicate after moving to Sing apore. Why do you think such an article will impact our TAE community While visiting the Mercedes Benz Company at Germany, adult learning is facilitated through workplace learning, through which I have understood the importance of partnership working (Salas et al. 2012). The workplace pedagogies could be applied at the TAE community for improving own skills and perform to the potential through better learning and knowledge gathering. This could facilitate the learning process and allow me to explore various areas based on which, innovation and better performance would be possible for the TAE community (Sung and Choi 2014). References Salas, E., Tannenbaum, S.I., Kraiger, K. and Smith-Jentsch, K.A., 2012. The science of training and development in organizations: What matters in practice. psychology science in the public interest, 13(2), pp.74-101. Sung, S.Y. and Choi, J.N., 2014. Do operations spend wisely on employees? Effects of training and development investments on learning and innovation in organizations. Journal of organizational behavior, 35(3), pp.393-412.

Xyz Company Designing Work Organisations Project Report Essay Example

Xyz Company Designing Work Organisations Project Report Essay (India) Ltd. is one of the most outstanding public enterprises in the country today. It is one of the â€Å"NAVRATNA ENTERPRISES† and ranks among the top five companies in India. It is India’s flagship natural gas company, integrated all aspects of the natural gas value chain (including Exploration and Production, Processing, Transmission, Distribution and Marketing) and its related services. In a rapidly changing scenario, XYZ COMPANY (India) is spearheading the move to a new era of clean fuel industrialization, creating a quadrilateral of green energy corridors that connect major consumption centres in India with major gas fields, LNG terminals and other cross border gas sourcing points. XYZ COMPANY is also expanding its business to become a player in International market has completed nearly two and half decades of an eventful journey. Starting with a natural gas transmission company, it is today an integrated energy company along the natural gas value chain with global footprints. Having started as a gas transmission company during the late eighties, it grew organically over the years by building a large network of natural gas trunk pipelines covering a length of around 7000 Km. Today, XYZ Company has interests in the business of natural gas, LPG, liquid hydrocarbons and petrochemicals, the latter being value added products. The company has also entered in telecom sector by leasing bandwidth available through the OFC which is laid along the gas pipelines for their operations and maintenance. We will write a custom essay sample on Xyz Company Designing Work Organisations Project Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Xyz Company Designing Work Organisations Project Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Xyz Company Designing Work Organisations Project Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer XYZ COMPANY has also diversified into exploration and production, city gas distribution and is steadily developing an overseas presence etc. XYZ COMPANY is one of the leading public enterprises with a consistently excellent financial track record. Turnover during the last ten years has shown a compounded annual growth rate of 13 percent. The company recorded a turnover of Rs 180. 08 billion and a profit after tax of Rs. 26. 01 billion in FY 2007-08. The Company has also received authorization from the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural gas to lay 5 new pipelines and in addition, augmentation of 3 existing pipelines is also being taken up. This will lead to doubling of pipelines length and transmission capacity in the next 4 to 5 years. VISION- Be a leading company in natural gas and beyond, with global focus, committed to customer care, value creation for all stakeholders and environmental responsibility. MISSION- Accelerating and optimizing the effective and economic use of natural gas and its fractions to the benefit of national economy. MAJOR BUSINESS SEGMENTS †¢ Natural gas †¢ Petrochemicals †¢ Exploration and production †¢ LPG and other Liquid hydrocarbons †¢ Telecommunication HISTORY OF THE ORGANISATION XYZ COMPANY (India) Ltd. India’s principal gas transmission and marketing company, was set up by the Government Of India in August 1984 to create gas sector infrastructure for sustained development of the natural gas sector in the country. The 2800 Kms Hazira-Vijaipur (HVJ) pipeline became operational in 1991. During 1991-1993, three LPG plants were constructed and some regional pi pelines acquired, enabling XYZ COMPANY to begin its regional gas distribution in various parts of India. XYZ COMPANY began its city gas distribution in Delhi in 1997 by setting up nine CNG stations, catering to the city’s vast public transport fleet. In 1999, XYZ COMPANY set up northern India’s only petrochemical plant in Pata. XYZ COMPANY became the first infrastructural provider category II Licensee and signed the country’s first service level agreement for leasing bandwidth in the Delhi-Vijaipur in 2001, through its telecom business XYZ COMPANYTEL. In 2001, XYZ COMPANY commissioned worlds longest and India first cross country LPG Transmission Pipeline from Jamnagar to Loni. XYZ COMPANY today has reached new milestone with its strategic diversification into Petrochemicals, Telecom and Liquid hydrocarbons besides gas infrastructure. The company has also extended its presence in Power, Liquefied Natural Gas re-gasification, city gas distribution and exploration Production through equity and joint ventures participations. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths: †¢ XYZ COMPANY (India) LIMITED is the country’s largest gas transmission company in India with 88% market share. Through that XYZ Company acts as a single gas transmission company, and taking the leverage through this dominance. †¢ XYZ COMPANY (India) LIMITED currently owns and operates around 58% of the total onshore pipeline network, which shows its potency. XYZ COMPANY is present in complete value chain of Gas business, through transmission, gas processing to marketing. †¢ XYZ Company (India) has signed a technology license agreement with Mitsui Chemicals for a second high-density polyethylene (hdPE) plant at its Pata petrochemical complex in Uttar Pradesh, India. †¢ Vertical integration in complete Gas business leading to cost reduction. â € ¢ XYZ COMPANY is dominating player in natural gas trading. Through 85% market share XYZ Company is showing its control in the market. †¢ Major petrochemicals involvement is also showing its strength. Strong Revenue Growth (turnover of Rs. 18,008 Crores in FY 2007-08, a 12% increase, as against Net Sales of Rs. 16,047 Crores in the previous year) †¢ XYZ COMPANY is going global in exploration business, company is growing in all its business segments †¢ Controls gas transmission infrastructure for example: Pipe lines. †¢ Share of LNG import projects and strong and Diversified Asset Portfolio Weakness: †¢ The biggest problem which is faced by XYZ COMPANY is â€Å"High Subsidy burden† which is reducing LPG realization. †¢ XYZ Company has to accept all rules and regulation of government. There is no tax benefit with respect to Section 80IA since Demerger is delayed. †¢ XYZ COMPANY has less visibility over the contracts for new expansions in tr ansmission business. †¢ XYZ Company has very limited financial or operational freedom as a government undertaking. †¢ Cost and efficiency disadvantages †¢ Lack of upstream gas exposure †¢ Limited Exposure to Global Markets †¢ Weak Capital Returns Opportunities: †¢ XYZ COMPANY finds huge gas in KG and Mahanadi basin increasing the availability of natural gas. †¢ Petrochemical industry expected to grow at CAGR of 17% over a period of 3 years. This growth needs petrochemicals capacity expansion. The overall gas production is set to double within 3 to 4 years thus demand meeting the supply . This may result in government deregulating the natural gas prices. †¢ Leveraging pipelines for Telecom. †¢ Entering into exploration business, which is going to boost the realization. †¢ Potential for efficiency gains †¢ Transmission system upgrading/expansion †¢ Strong domestic energy demand growth. †¢ Increasing Demand for LNG †¢ Expanding Indian Natural Gas Market Threats: †¢ Rise in natural gas prices can lead to reduction in margin in petrochemical business. The main problem is that the price of gas is regulated by the government. Domestic marketing makes the company subject to threat of subsidy burden and pricing policies of petroleum ministry. †¢ Petrochemical prices may go down in the next two years on account of capacity additions in the industries. †¢ Rising investment requirement for new upcoming project. †¢ Changes in national energy policy. †¢ Intense Domestic Competition. †¢ Shift to Alternative Sources of Energy like hydro energy, nuclear energy, wind energy, thermal energy. †¢ Fluctuation in Gas and Petrochemical Prices. Business Segments †¢Gas Transmission †¢Gas Trading †¢Liquid Hydrocarbons †¢Petrochemicals †¢LPG Transmission †¢XYZ COMPANYTEL †¢EP †¢Power CORPORATE STRATEGY The company has developed a Strategic Plan for the period 2007-12. The goal set by the company includes doubling of its bottom line by the year 2011-12. The strategy developed to realize the set goals is as under: ? Gas Sourcing Marketing: Tying- up with producers and suppliers for marketing and transmission of natural gas on long term and sustainable basis. This is being realized by securing more gas from various producers, thereby increasing transmission and marketing volumes. ?Gas Transmission: Expanding of pipeline infrastructure from 7,850 km to about 12,000 km with the laying of new pipelines by 2011 -12. For achieving this, execution of various new pipelines at a cost of around Rs. 30,000 crores is in progress. ?City Gas: Pursuing of City Gas distribution opportunities in various parts of the country. This requires introduction of Compressed Natural Gas for the automotive sector and Piped Natural Gas for commercial and domestic use in more number of cities in a phased manner. The same is being realized by participating in PNGRBs bidding process for various cities and executing city gas projects in those cities. Petrochemicals: In the area of Petrochemicals business, the company is examining possible options for expansion of its Petrochemical Complex at Pata and is exploring green field participation in new ventures in India and abroad. For achieving this, expansion of Petrochemical Complex at Pata is being carried out in phases and participation in new field ventures is being undertaken through equity stake, while also exploring new ventures through JV route. ?EP: The company also pl ans to strengthen EP capability and resources to participate as a major partner / operator in Domestic EP/ CBM bidding. This would help in developing EP as a self-sustainable business for augmenting additional supplies of natural gas. For this, investments are being made in both domestic on-land and off-shore fields, with a balanced portfolio of developmental and exploratory projects. ?Globalization: On the globalization front, the plan of the company is to focus on areas having synergy with the existing businesses by entering into new and emerging gas rich countries with focus on sourcing of gas and participation in downstream activities. Structure and Systems Functional Structure The structure and reporting in the company is functional. The functions under each Director are clearly defined. Directors are Government of India appointees under a five year contract. Systems Employees below company â€Å"Directors† are on XYZ COMPANY’s payroll. Employees under various functions are located all over India and work under Executive Director, General Manager or employee in charge of the facility (gas compressing/ distributing station or petrochemical plant). Right now each facility of XYZ COMPANY is under a General Manager. This GM is from OM (operations and management) if the project is established one, otherwise it is under GM from PE (projects and execution). Once a project is up and running or commissioned it is handed over to OM group. To finish a project or to run and maintain a project employees with various functions come together. They are assigned their roles by their functional heads and report to the same. The functional heads then report to OIC or Officer in Charge. Following is the organogram of BCPL, Brahmaputra Cracker Petroleum Limited, a joint venture a JV between the Government of Assam, XYZ COMPANY(I) Ltd. OIL (India) Ltd. NRL with XYZ COMPANY(I) Ltd. as main promoter (70% stake). Following is the pyramid under the functional directors. A recruit usually starts with title of GET or Graduate Engineer Trainee. Recruitment is usually done through campus placements or all India entrance examinations announced in newspapers and website. This procedure is highly selective. XYZ COMPANY onl y goes to IITs for its campus placements. A GET remains on probation for a year and thereafter assumes designation of â€Å"Engineer†. Subsequent promotions are scheduled after 3 years. This duration increases with the pyramid. XYZ COMPANY is a public sector undertaking where jobs are secure and structure hierarchical, with pay packets are larger than any other government employee at comparable designation, designations and titles are key motivator. Promotions are based on CRs (Confidential Reports) filled by direct superiors. This makes designations even more important. Promotions in practice are influenced greatly by factors other than pure performance. Culture The culture of the company is that of a private firm, zero absenteeism, employees take ownership of their work, project execution is efficient and tendering is transparent. This company has a very small workforce compared to its huge profits. Most of its business is of gas transmission which after setup needs low workforce for maintenance. Employees say that they feel motivated to work for XYZ COMPANY because it is the best paymaster around. Still 2300 officers went on an indefinite strike on 7th January 2009 ignoring the appeals of then XYZ COMPANY India Chairman U D Choubey along with executives from 14 public sector oil firms who form Oil Sector Officers Association. When we explored reasons XYZ COMPANY officers explained that they were not given their due in the revised pay structure under 6th pay commission. Oil Sector Officers Association sought to bridge the gap between the wages offered by the private sector and public sector oil companies, seeking an over four-fold increase in the basic salary of entry level officials and almost 11-fold increase in salaries of the board-level directors. XYZ COMPANY officials say it was needed because private sector is now poaching its employees with promise of higher salaries. XYZ COMPANY employees went on strike with the employees from other oil sector companies to show their support against the common enemy. Employees at XYZ COMPANY are treated well. They receive perks such as excellent medicare, fast soft loans for homes, automobiles and consumer durables, petrol and mobile expenses etc. Employees say perks are way better than with any other oil firm. XYZ COMPANY also grants considerable funds for social events on festivals and casual family get together are a norm. XYZ COMPANY colonies provide excellent living environment for families of its employees with well developed sports facilities and shopping centres. This integrates social life of the family with office of the employee, eases stress at job and creates a better work life balance. This instils a sense of belonging in employees. Employees feel ownership in company’s aspirations and challenges. XYZ COMPANY was rated as one of the Best Employers in India by Hewitt Associates in 2004 and was adjudged as an Organization with Innovative HR Practices by HT Power Jobs. If compared to private sector companies in this sector pay packages and perks may fall short but XYZ COMPANY makes up for it by providing employees with less stressed work environment. Employees at XYZ COMPANY feel a sense of pride in working for a government company. Employees have returned from private companies stating that they feel stressed after compromising their ethics at work. The best XYZ COMPANY could do for it was to remain a lean organization; it has outsourced most of its work while keeping its core competence of efficient OM (operations and management) and PE (project execution) capabilities while other PSU in the sector feel the hang of enormous work force.