Court attendance reflection - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1895 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? Black cascading robes, white periwigs and the resounding thud of a court hammer are the images often associated with the administration of criminal justice. Over the course of my court attendance I quickly realized that this idealized perception fails to reflect the complexities of the criminal justice system. The first issue I will discuss is the value of legal representation and the how its absence can compromise an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right to a fair trial. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Court attendance reflection" essay for you Create order The next theme which struck me as significant was the distinction between the two levels of criminal justice. While they are governed by the same laws, it was evident that each level was characterized by distinct procedures. As a democratic society, the Rule of Law is the cornerstone of our legal system. One of the major facets of the Rule of Law is the notion of equality before the law.[1] My experiences within the precinct of Parramatta Local and District Court enabled me to grasp the importance of legal representation for attaining a just outcome. However, in Australia, there is no explicit statutory or constitutional right to legal representation.[2] Instead, this à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"principleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[3] is derived from the common law and international treaties which can be overturned due to Parliamentary Sovereignty. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which was ratified in Australia in 1980, is the primary international treaty regarding due proc ess. Section 3(d) of the treaty states that an accused should à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"have legal assistance assigned to him, in any case where the interests of justice require so, and without payment by him in any such case if he does not have sufficient means to pay for ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[4] Although the provisions of the ICCPR have been ratified by Australia, they have not been incorporated into domestic legislation. Consequently à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"while the International Committeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s view may be politically persuasive they will not, of themselves, carry the force of lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[5] This means that even in the most serious indictable offences where the accused faces deprivation of freedom for a considerable period of time, there is no guaranteed right to legal representation.[6] The landmark case of Dietrich v The Queen[7] set the common law rule in relation to legal representation. This case reaffirmed that a criminal trial was most fairly and eff iciently conducted when both sides have access to adequate legal representation. The majority ruled that individuals charged with indictable offences, regardless of their financial position, have a right to legal representation. In cases where this is cannot be provided, the judge has the discretion to adjourn the trial indefinitely.[8] During my experience in Parramatta Local Court I witnessed Magistrate Baptie exercise this discretion in the case of R v Debelli. Although the case I viewed lacked the complexity of Dietrich[9], the accused faced multiple charges of varying seriousness that could potentially result in imprisonment. Mr Debelli was left unrepresented at trial because his Legal Aid application was rejected. In NSW, the Legal Aid Commission is primarily funded by grants from the government. The National Legal Aid Advisory Commission stated that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"levels of overall funding of national legal aid programs are demonstratably insufficient to meet the reasonable n eeds of the Australian communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[10] Due to insufficient funding, Legal Aid is unable to provide free or subsidised representation for all who require it. Consequently there are restrictions put in place like the merit and means test. In R v Debelli, the accused was rejected Legal Aid because he failed to satisfy the required criteria. The judgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s advice that he should à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"go to see legal aid today, and keep going back every day until they approveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, reflects the subjective nature of these tests. In R v Debelli, the accused was initially content to be self-represented and the magistrate gave him a brief explanation in relation to examination, cross examination and evidence. Shortly after he became visibly overwhelmed by the intricacy of the court process, and descended into a state of confusion and started providing incriminating information. In his dissenting judgment in McInnis[11], Murphy J was corre ct in saying that the accused is in a position of disadvantage not only because of their lack of legal knowledge and experience, but also due to their emotional attachment to the case. Mr Debelli finally realized his error and requested that the trial be adjourned until he could obtain legal assistance. The magistrate was clearly frustrated saying, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"I asked you before, and now youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ve wasted all my timeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Despite this he begrudgingly agreed to adjourn the case of R v Debelli, explicitly stating it would proceed in three weeks à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"with or withoutà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ representation. Even when Legal Aid is granted, the quality of legal representation provided can be highly varied.[12] This was more evident in the Local Court, than the district court. In some cases the defence was exceptional, while in others the solicitors were unprepared and unfamiliar with the cases before them. In R v Muhammed Ibrahim the integral role of le gal representation was made blatantly apparent. During the case there was a distinct power imbalance between the defence and the prosecution. Through the persuasive presentation of his own case and skilful cross examination, the defence lawyer caused the witness to contradict herself on multiple occasions. This called her credibility into question, leading the magistrate to quash all charges and dismiss the case. Therefore the fundamental role of legal representation in obtaining a fair trial and upholding the tenet of the rule of law is undeniable. There are critical distinctions between the lower and higher courts in the New South Wales criminal justice system, essentially creating à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"two tiers of justiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[13] The higher courts embellish the traditional images associated with the legal process. This portrayal of justice and legitimacy is visually displayed through the layout, customs and traditional court garments.[14] The black gowns with purple s tripes and wigs worn by the judges exude a strong sense of authority and are in contrast with the simple gowns worn by the magistrates in the Local Court. These subtle disparities reflect the fundamental differences between the two tiers of justice. Where the district court felt formidable and intimidating, the local court was more relaxed and at times comedic.[15] The local courts process approximately 97.5% of criminal cases, while the higher courts only handle 2.5%.[16] Despite this stark difference, a disproportionate amount of time and emphasis is placed on higher court matters which are perceived as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"declaratory of the lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[17] In fact, the introduction of Criminal Procedure Amendment (Indictable Offences) Act 1995[18] and the Crime Legislation Further Amendment Act 2003,[19] have caused the role of Local Courts in criminal matters to drastically increase in recent years. The more cases I witnessed, the more apparent it became just how extensive the jurisdiction of the Local Court is, in dealing with indictable offences. In the Local Court the primary objective was time management and getting through the list for the day.[20] Rapid decision making in relation to complex areas of the law is often necessary to manage the large volume of cases for each day.[21] Magistrates are accurately referred to as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"under-valued work-horse of the court systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[22] In the Local Court, most cases are scheduled to start at the same time. Due to time pressure and disorganization of court proceedings, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"defendants told to arrive at court at 10am may wait à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ even three hours before hours before their cases are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"called onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[23] I personally witnessed this sitting in the public gallery for hours among a mass of accused waiting for their case to be heard. This was in stark contrast with my experience of the district court, where each c ase is treated with consideration and legitimacy. Trials were allocated a specific time, courtroom and judge. This comparison is most clearly conveyed by comparing the thirty minute hearing of R v Chrissis, with R v Shane Barry Dennis where an entire day was assigned to gathering witness statements. Despite both being assault charges of similar gravity and complexity, it is evident that trial by indictment is a lot more time consuming than a summary trial. This is because it is not necessarily à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the nature of crime but nature of procedure which complicates the lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[24] Local courts do not always adhere to the due processes of law, primarily because they must get through a large magnitude of cases in a short period of time. This divergence from procedure is justified by some using what McBarnet refers to as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the ideology of trivialityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[25] This notion derives from the fact that the cases in the local court are treated summarily, hence a smaller penalty can be imposed and they à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"interfere less with ones libertyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[26] Spending a substantial amount of time in the local court, I realized just how misconstrued this perception was. In the bail application of R v Mostafa Mariam, the accused is the father figure and provider for three young kids, his wedding was three weeks after the hearing and his fiance was due to give birth within a week of the hearing. Therefore it is evident that the magistrateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decision to reject his application for bail had a drastic impact not only the life of the accused, but that of his family and friends. I departed through the revolving doors of Parramatta District Court with a new perspective on the inner workings of the criminal justice system. After witnessing the potential adverse effects of self-representation, I realized the value of legal representation as part of a fair trial. I gained awareness of the distinctions b etween the lower and higher tiers of criminal justice. 1 | Page [1] The Law Research Centre, Submission to the Senate and Constitutional Affairs Committee: The Right to a Fair Hearing and Access to Justice: Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Obligations (6 March 2009) https://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/recite/citations/AGLC/ref621-elecSourceInternetMaterials.html?style=6type=4detail=1 10. [2] Paul Ames Fairall, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Trial Without Consel: Dietrich v The Queenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1992) 4(2) Bond Law Review, 239. [3] James Spigelman, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Truth Can Cost Too Much: The Principle of a Fair Trialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2004) Australian Law Journal, 25. [4] Karen Fletcher, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Legal Aid: Right or Privilege?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1993) 18(1) Alternative Law Journal, 21-33. [5] Olaf Dietrich v The Queen, (1992) 177 CLR 292, at 31. [6] Gideon Boas, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Dietrich, the High Court and Unfair Trials Legislation: A constitutional Guarantee?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1993) 19(2) Monash University Law Review, 261. [7] Olaf Dietrich v The Queen, (1992) 177 CLR 292. [8] Karen Fletcher, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Legal Aid: Right or Privilege?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1993) 18(1) Alternative Law Journal, 21. [9] Olaf Dietrich v The Queen, (1992) 177 CLR 292. [10] Karen Fletcher, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Legal Aid: Right or Privilege?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1993) 18(1) Alternative Law Journal, 24. [11] McInnis v The Queen (1979) 143 CLR 575. [12] Janet Hope, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"A constitutional right to a Fair Trial? Implications for the Reform of the Australian Criminal Justice Systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1996) 24 Federal Law Review, 192. [13] Doreen McBarnet, Conviction: Law, the State and the Construction of Justice (Palgrave McMillan Limited, 1981) 182. [14] Crofts et al, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Design and Childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Courtsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2008) 33(4) Alternative Law Journal 229. [15] Harold Garfinkel, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Conditions of Successful Degradation Ceremonicsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1956) 61(5) American Journal of Sociology 421. [16] David Brown et al., Criminal Laws: Material and Commentary on Criminal Law and Process of New South Wales (The Gederation Press, 2011) 143. [17] Ibid. [18] Criminal Procedure Amendment (Indictable Offences) Act 1995 (NSW) s2.11 [19] Crime Legislation Further Amendment Act 2003 (NSW) s3 [20] Kathy Mack and Sharon Roach Anleu, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Getting through the List: Judgecraft and Legitimacy in the Lower Courtsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2007) 16(3) Social and Legal Studies, 341. [21] Michael Kirby, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Ongoing Ascent of the Australia Magistracyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2009) 9(2) The Judicial Review, 149. [22] John Willis, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Magistracy: The Undervalued Work-Horse of the Court Systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2001) 18(1) Law in Context, 129. [23] Pat Carlen, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Staging of Magistrates Justiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1976) 16(1) British Journal of Criminology, 29. [24] Doreen McBarnet, Conviction: Law, the State and the Construction of Justice (Palgrave McMillan Limited, 1981) 182. [25] Ibid. [26] Ibid.

Personal Statement Personal Business Plan - 1532 Words

PERSONAL BUSINESS PLAN Personal Mission Statement: As a graduate student in Electrical Engineering and having a business background in my family, becoming an entrepreneur and starting a new venture has always been my ultimate dream. Becoming an entrepreneur requires resilience, self-reliance, focus and vision, ability to handle pressure during the lows, positive approach towards every idea. As an entrepreneur, I have the ability to withstand every stone thrown at me and I can convert them into milestones. I am planning a startup venture in the field of 3-D printing manufacturing unit. Although I have an entrepreneurial mindset, I also have very deep core values in me which I got it from my parents. It is truly said â€Å"Your perspective of life comes from the cage you were held captive in†. My parents have always taught me to give importance to the family and then concentrate on the career plans. A successful business has no meaning and values if it is hindering your personal life and personal spac e which you should devote to your family. According to me, the morals and ethics should have higher values in every entrepreneur’s life. So, while establishing the goals one should also take the core values into consideration as these things gauges the success of a well- established entrepreneur. For me the family and their priorities always come first. It is the family who will bind me together, motivate me and show me the correct path if I might fail in my attempts and when myShow MoreRelatedPersonal Strategic Plan For A Business Organization1282 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this paper would be a personal strategic plan for myself in which visualizes me as a business organization, or as You, Inc. 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`` Sweetness `` By Toni Morrison - 1826 Words

â€Å"What is racism? Racism is a projection of our own fears onto another person. What is sexism? It’s our own vulnerability of our potency and masculinity projected as our need to subjugate from another person†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Gary Ross’s breakdown of the age-defying constructions of race and sexism exemplify how fabricated standards can take a toll on the well-being of individuals. American novelist Toni Morrison is renowned for her publications illustrating how racial stigma can dent a character physically, mentally and emotionally. â€Å"Sweetness†, an excerpt from God Help the Child, one of Morrison’s more recent works, follows the narrative of a guilt-stricken mother who allowed society’s predetermined notions of race interfere with her parenting, as her daughter was undeniably black while she and her husband have negro roots but are lighter skinned or ‘high-yellow’. As the story develops, it is obvious that the narrator, Lula Annà ¢â‚¬â„¢s mother feels some sort of resentment for mistreating her child and holding her back from experiencing a blissful childhood like other youngsters, but is too shameful to admit it. With time, tables turn and Lula Ann, Lula Mae’s daughter is able to regain her self-esteem, moves away, builds a career, and is preparing to settle down with a family of her own and change her miserable fate given to her by her parents. Morrison successfully translates the destructive effects of prioritizing racial constructs through varied elements including: characterization, point ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Sweetness By Toni Morrison1572 Words   |  7 Pagescommon for blacks to want to be white or be able to at least pass as white. In the short story, â€Å"Sweetness† by the author Toni Morrison, the character Sweetness faces the struggles of raising a dark skin girl during the 1950’s and 60’s. 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However, she did not become awareRead MoreSkin Deep : An Analysis Of Toni Morrison s Acidity1502 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Toni Morrison’s Sweetness Toni Morrison’s work always impact and hit the audience soul. Regardless of the reader’s background, Toni Morrison’s work will find a way to grip the reader into a trance. The short story ‘Sweetness’ affected me because I’m a mother in the black community. Although I feel the complete opposite of the narrator, I’ve witness the demonstration of the character. Toni Morrison writes in the narrator as a mother who is disgusted and compassionate. ‘Sweetness’ is a representationRead MoreEssay on Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye1450 Words   |  6 PagesToni Morrisons The Bluest Eye One of the most prominent themes found in Toni Morrison’s acutely tragic novel The Bluest Eye is the transferal or redirection of emotions in an effort on the part of the characters to make pain bearable. The most obvious manifestation of that is the existence of race hatred for one’s own race that pervades the story; nearly every character that the narrator spends time with feels at some point a self-loathing as a result of the racism present in 1941 AmericanRead MoreEssay about Beauty in The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison1243 Words   |  5 PagesPecola was a black girl with the dream to be beautiful. Toni Morrison takes the reader into the life of a young girl through Morrison’s exceptional novel, The Bluest Eye. The novel displays the battles that Pecola struggles with each and every day. Morrison takes the reader through the themes of whiteness and beauty, racism and stereotypes, and perception, through the use of symbolism, narrative voice, characterization a nd diction. Morrison is able to elicit the powerful story of a girl strugglingRead MoreJazz Influence On Jazz1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe Influence of Jazz in Toni Morrison’s Novel Jazz â€Å"It is only in his music [ ... ] that the Negro in America has been able to tell his story.† James Baldwin. â€Å"Jazz has been a part of a proud African American tradition for over 100 years. A robust, rhythmic under-structure, blue notes, solos, â€Å"call-and response† patterns, and improvisation of melody all characterize jazz music.† In Jà ¼rgen Grandt’s analysis, he states that in order to use jazz to look at African American literature, the criticalRead MoreSimilarities Between Sweetness And Desirees Baby1250 Words   |  5 PagesWithin the realm of imagination meets reality, in these stories â€Å"Sweetness† by Toni Morrison, and â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† by Kate Chopin, in each story it s shown that both authors had the father in each story leave for the same reason. The children’s skin color happens to come out black in skin color and the fathers’ see this as the worst thing possible, not only do they leave the kids but they disconnected from their partner. From the information that is given from the stories above, we can co ncludeRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison992 Words   |  4 PagesSet in the 1940s, during the Great Depression, the novel The Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, illustrates in the inner struggles of African-American criticism. The Breedloves, the family the story revolves around a poor, black and ugly family. They live in a two-room store front, which is open, showing that they have nothing. In the family there is a girl named Pecola Breedlove, she is a black and thinks that she is ugly because she is not white. Pecola’s father, Cholly Breedlove, goes through humiliatedRead More The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison Essay1864 Words   |  8 PagesThe Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beauty is said to be in the eyes of the beholder, but what if the image of beauty is forced into the minds of many? The beauty of a person could be expressed in many different ways, as far as looks and personality goes, but the novel The Bluest Eye begs to differ. It contradicts the principle, because beauty is no longer just a person’s opinion but beauty has been made into an unwritten rule, a standard made by society for society. The most important ruleRead MoreThe Price Of Persecution By Toni Morrison s The Bluest Eye1238 Words   |  5 Pagesof race in the United States. Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye is a candid look into the lives of African Americans in the early 1940’s, focusing on the drama surrounding the coming of age of young girls. The debilitating effects of racism, sexism, and classism on children and adults of different social statuses are explored through the stories of a number of families. By illustrating a society in whic h each class elevates itself by oppressing those below them, Morrison demonstrates how the cyclical

Bipolar Disorder A Brief Overview - 2484 Words

Bipolar Disorder: A Brief Overview of a Serious Illness Maribel Marquez San Bernardino Valley College Bipolar Disorder: A Brief Overview of a Serious Illness â€Å"According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2.6 percent of Americans age eighteen or older (5.7 million Americans) have [this] disorder† (Atkins, 2007, p. 4). This statistic of course does not include children or teens, or the millions of other individuals suffering from it but not knowing it has a name. What disorder might this be? It is called bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive disorder, and many people to this day still confuse it with â€Å"normal† feelings people go through in life. In this report I will be discussing what bipolar disorder is and its†¦show more content†¦2). Depressive episodes also have distinct symptoms: â€Å"an overly long period of feeling sad or hopeless, loss of interest in activities once enjoyed, including sex, feeling overly tired or â€Å"slowed down,† having problems concentrating, remembering, and making decisions, being restless or irritable, changing eating, sleeping or other habi ts, thinking of death or suicide, or attempting suicide† (NIMH, 2012, p. 2). â€Å"Episodes of bipolar depression are often misdiagnosed as major depression, and in some cases bipolar disorder is not accurately diagnosed for years† (Pinto Schub, 2014, para. 2). As stated in WebMDs Bipolar Disorder Health Center, â€Å"there are several types of bipolar disorder; all involve episodes of depression and mania to a degree. They include bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymic disorder, mixed bipolar, and rapid-cycling bipolar disorder† (Types, 2014, p. 1). I will only describe the difference between the two major types of bipolar disorder found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) – bipolar I and bipolar II. According to Psychcentral.com bipolar I, also known as â€Å"raging bipolar, is characterized by at least one full-blown manic episode lasting at least one week or any duration if hospitalization is required. This may include inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, being more talkative than usual, flight of ideas, distractibility, increase in goal-orientedShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Bipolar Disorder1059 Words   |  4 PagesI chose bipolar disorder because making the distinction between normal mood fluctuations and mood fluctuations caused by bipolar disorder is significant to understanding human behavior. It is interesting to analyze how the brain and moods are affected by bipolar disorder and what treatments are available to get it back to a stable stage. A brief overview of the disease: Bipolar disorder (bipolar affective disorder or manic-depressive disorder) is a long-term disorder where a person’s mood fluctuatesRead MoreTreatment Of Treatment For Bipolar Disorder1441 Words   |  6 PagesTreatment Treatment for bipolar disorder has to this day been approach using the biomedical model approach. Which means that BP disorder has been predominantly treated pharmacologically. Pharmacological treatment of BP disorder is not to be underestimated, but it is also not to be considered the first and last option of treatment. Research has shown that the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (along with various other treatments) combined with pharmacological treatment has been shown to have better efficacyRead MoreAtypical Antipsychotics.A Brief Overview. Dr. Vipin1114 Words   |  5 Pages A BRIEF OVERVIEW Dr. VIPIN KUMAR, MBBS, DTCD, MD (PSYCHIATRY); CONSULTANT PSYCHIATRIST, AURANGABAD, BIHAR The atypical antipsychotics or second generation antipsychotics (SGA) are a group of antipsychotics that were introduced in the clinical practice during the early 1990. All over world these agents are most commonly prescribed for Schizophrenia and other illnesses with psychotic symptoms. This article will focus on brief overview of the atypical antipsychotics as a class and brief descriptionRead MoreA Map Of The Brain : Dr. Allen Jones1186 Words   |  5 PagesAllen Jones. Dr. Allen Jones is a brain research whose ultimate goal is to unveil a complete map of the human brain, using recent brain imaging and histological techniques. In his TED talk entitled, A Map of the Brain, Dr. Allen Jones discusses a brief overview of the anatomical structures of the brain, as well as, the methods and conclusions of his brain research. A fresh human brain does not resemble the stereotypical fixated human brain typically seen in textbooks or diagrams. Instead, a fresh humanRead MoreInterpersonal Psychology : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1560 Words   |  7 PagesInterpersonal Psychotherapy Intervention Overview Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) was developed in the 1970 s by Gerald Klerman, Myrna Weissman, and Eugene Paykel. Initially, IPT was the control treatment while investigating the effectiveness of antidepressants and found the treatment comparably effective to medications and as credible as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (Robertson, Rushton, Wurm, 2008). According to Mechanism of Change in Interpersonal therapy (Lipsitz Markowitz,Read MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1430 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenia is very complex and â€Å"startling disorder characterized by a broad range of cognitive and emotional dysfunctions† (Barlow Durand, 2015, p. 477). It can greatly impact a person’s life in a negative manner: affecting physical, emotional, relational, and occupational health. The National Institute of Mental Health defines schizophrenia as a â€Å"chronic and severe disorder that affects how a person, think, feels, and acts† (National Institute of Mental Health, n.d., para. 1).Read MoreEmotional Trauma and the Adolescent Brain Essay example1311 Words   |  6 Pagesor a caregiver. The psychiatric effects of child abuse has a wide range, some children may never develop issues after abuse while others can develop Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Andrea Parolin Jackowski, et all., in their article Neurostructural imaging findings in children with post-traumatic stress disorder: brief review, give their definition of this as: PTSD is a complex syndrome that involves re-experiencing of symptoms, hyperarousal symptoms, numbing symptoms , and avoidanceRead MoreMental Health For The Mentally Ill999 Words   |  4 PagesMental Health Brief What’s the issue? The lack of mental health services available to the mentally-ill and the deinstitutionalization of mental health hospitals have created a public health concern. These issues along with failed continuum of care strategies and a lack of community mental health services are major contributing factors to homelessness. In addition, the strict guidelines for psychiatric hospitalization are critical when analyzing homelessness among the mentally-ill. In many cases,Read MoreCase Study of Suicide Prevention for University Students1074 Words   |  4 Pagesto help young people avoid using this last resort to end their troubles on earth. This paper provides a brief overview and an analysis of this case, followed by a discussion concerning where failures occurred in the process. An examination of potential solutions to these failures is followed by a summary of the research and important findings concerning the case in the conclusion. Brief overview of the case On September 28, 2003, Garrett Lee Smith committed suicide, just one day before his 22nd birthdayRead MoreThe Impact Of Smartphone Technology On Behavioral Health Care Essay1561 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough there is a big variety of possibilities of smartphone technology bringing to behavioral health care, there are also several key issues that both professionals and users should be aware of. 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Architectural BIM Technology Free Essays

string(123) " gives the contractors command for the occupation and those working on site the safety issues specific to the undertaking\." Architectural A ; BIM Technology Executive sum-up The undermentioned papers is based on the development of St John’s college Waterford metropolis. A brief debut will present the reader to the plants being carried out in the development itself. A background on the history of the college edifice is carried out and from here the chief legal issues that will originate in such a undertaking will be outlined and three of these issues will be examined in more item. We will write a custom essay sample on Architectural BIM Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now These issues will be be aftering with regard to preservation A ; protected constructions, wellness A ; safety and contractual differences. At the terminal of the study a brooding acquisition piece will be written to demo what the writer has learned during this procedure. Introduction The undermentioned study is based on the development that will take topographic point at St John’s college Waterford metropolis. The study will foremost place the chief legal issues that could originate in such a development and secondly critically measure these legal issues. Not all of the chief legal countries will be looked into but all these countries will be listed in the subdivision below. From this subdivision three legal issues will be chosen and analysed in greater deepness from an designer A ; architectural technician’s point of position. The development that is taking topographic point is financed by the respond lodging association. The chief contractors for the plants to be carried out are Mythen building. The development will include the undermentioned, a full restoral of the college edifice which will include 21 self-contained flats along with a twenty-four hours Centre for aged people. An extra 36 new construct one sleeping room flats will be constructed on site analogue to the folly route. [ 1 ] Main legal issues Planing with regard to preservation A ; protected constructions Boundaries A ; easements On site contracts Contractual differences Health A ; safety Tendering issues Duty of attention The three issues that will be analysed in greater deepness will be be aftering with regard to preservation A ; protected constructions, wellness A ; safety and contractual differences. St John’s college background St John’s College site is located at john’s hill, Richardson folly, Waterford metropolis ( fig.3 ) . Harmonizing to the national stock list of architectural heritage the edifice was constructed between the old ages 1865-1875. The college was originally designed by designer George Goldie [ 2 ] . The design of the edifice can be slackly termed the Gothic resurgence manner ( fig. 4 ) . The edifice is listed as protected constructions ( reg. no. 22830069 ) [ 3 ] while the entryway along Johns hill ( fig.5 ) is besides listed as a protected construction ( reg. no. 22830075 ) [ 4 ] . A full description of both these protected constructions can be found on the national stock list of architectural heritage web site. The original usage of the edifice was a theological college and this was the instance up until 1990’s when the edifice was closed due to a diminution in career [ 5 ] . The edifice has been left unoccupied now for a figure of old ages. In 2007 the respond lodg ing association in partnership with local authoritiess, communities and the section of environment purchased the college edifice and a part of the environing land with the purpose of lodging for the aged strategy [ 6 ] . Planing permission for protected constructions In order for the development to derive be aftering permission the developer will hold to plan programs that are in conformity with the Waterford metropolis council development program 2013 and the planning and development act 2000. This is due to the college edifice being listed as a protected construction ( reg. no. 22830069 ) . Before any planning permission can be received a full architectural heritage impact appraisal and an expert adviser survey must be carried out by a preservation specializer that records the architectural important of the college and recommendations for preservation. The chief elements of plants to the protected constructions will be the fix and renovation of the college edifice. Prior to the beginning of any plants or fixs and refurbishments a written specification of plants and a works method statement should be submitted to the Waterford metropolis council for understanding in relation to the protected construction. All plants carried out in relation to the protected construction should be carried out in conformity with the best pattern preservation methodological analysiss ; the heritage councils published advice on rules of good pattern in direction of architectural heritage, these are as follows [ 7 ] : Avoidance of unneeded plants. Repair instead than replacing of deteriorated or damaged characteristics. Minimal intercession. Reversibility. Use designers and applied scientists trained in edifice preservation. In the planning and development act 2000 protected constructions are covered under portion IV subdivision 58 which states the followers: â€Å"Each proprietor and each occupier shall, to the extent consistent with the rights and duties originating out of their several involvements in a protected construction or a proposed protected construction, guarantee that the construction, or any component of it which contributes to its particular architectural, historical, archeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, societal or proficient involvement, is non endangered†. [ 8 ] With these judicial admissions being addressed and adhered to be aftering permission will hold a greater opportunity of being approved by the Waterford county council. Health and safety The plants carried out for this edifice will hold to follow with the safety, wellness and public assistance at plants ordinances 2013. These ordinances give counsel on the proper processs that must be in topographic point before and during building. First the client must name a undertaking supervisor for both the design procedure and the building phase. The client can be self-appointed if competent to set about the responsibilities involved. These individuals must be appointed before or at the design procedure phase and the beginning of the building phase. The client should besides be sensible satisfied that the individuals allocated will hold the resources to enable that individual to execute the responsibilities posed under these ordinance before the beginning of plants. [ 9 ] Health and safety program This program gives the contractors command for the occupation and those working on site the safety issues specific to the undertaking. You read "Architectural BIM Technology" in category "Essay examples" The program can be divided into two subdivisions: the pre-tender program and the concluding program. The pre-tender program should be orgainsed by the undertaking supervisor that will be appointed to the undertaking. This program should be prepared every bit shortly as possible when the undertaking is conceived and submitted as portion of the stamp certification. This program should besides put out all of the important safety hazards associated with the undertaking, hence leting the contractor to develop wellness and safety processs and systems for the undertaking. The Pre-tender program should incorporate the followers: Information such as the completion day of the month, site information, conditions and current usage etc. Foreseeable wellness and safety hazards in the design. The building methods recommended by the interior decorator. Any extra information the planning supervisor believes the contractors should be made cognizant of to digest the safety of workers. From here the chief contractor will be appointed and will go at that place duty to develop the program farther into its concluding signifier. The client must so guarantee that this concluding program is developed to a high degree to allow building plants to get down. The concluding program should incorporate the followers: The wellness and safety direction regulations and processs developed for the site. The safety direction construction developed for the undertaking. Any issues the contractor may raise in hazard appraisal prepared in conformity with the safety, wellness and public assistance at plants ordinances 2013. Rules for supervising conformity with the program. Health and safety file The planning supervisor has the duty of fixing a wellness and safety file for all constructions that comprise the building undertaking. This file should incorporate the information on the construction design, building and how the edifice will be used by the residents. The followers should be in the completed wellness and safety file: Detailss of the building method and stuffs. A record of drawings and programs used throughout the period of building. Detailss on the location and nature of public-service corporations and services. Detailss of equipment and care installations. Any information from the wellness and safety program that would be relevant for future undertakings. This file is to be made available for review by any individual e.g. sub-contractors who may necessitate it to follow with their statutory responsibilities or to any individual geting an involvement in the premises by the client. Contractual differences On big building undertakings contractual differences can frequently originate, this has become more common topographic point over the last figure of old ages due to the economic down bend. Construction undertaking participants are non willing or able to compromise and utilize hard currency to smooth over unsmooth musca volitanss hence differences arise and finally must be resolved in the legal system. For the intent of this study two countries of contractual differences will be examined in deepness, range of plants and building defects. Scope of plants A range of plants is defined by the building contract between the owner/client and the contractor. All contractors involved in a building undertaking have a range of plants, the sub-contractors range of plants are contractually defined but different from the chief contractors. The range of plants set out by the proprietor should be really explicitly defined due to contractors non being contractually obliged to execute plants that are beyond the contractual range of plants. Harmonizing to the RIAI Standard Form of Contract: â€Å"For the consideration hereinafter mentioned the Contractor will upon and subject to the Conditions annexed hereto execute and finish the Works shown upon the Contract Drawings and/or described in the Specification, Bills of Quantities and Conditions all of which together with this understanding are hereafter referred to as the „Contract DocumentsaˆY[ 10 ]. In the event where the proprietor issues a alteration of order to the original range of work, this may be considered a breach of contract and can let the contractors to halt plant until both parties reach an understanding sing the alteration or excess plants that fall beyond the original contractual range of plants. In the instance of programs and specifications, differences can originate between the proprietor, contractors and design professionals when they interpret paperss otherwise, particularly when the description of plants in programs and specifications are ill-defined or equivocal. The proprietor has the implied guarantee that the programs and specifications are right, accurate and buildable. [ 11 ] Construction defects Construction defects can originate at two times, the first being during the building procedure while the 2nd being a good trade of clip after the building is finished, this is known as latent defects. Over the class of the building period the proprietor may place excess plants in the instance of defects that is either non in the original range of plants or non in conformity with the programs and specifications. A difference arises when the contractors do non hold with the owner’s averment of the faulty building. The contractors by and large allow the proprietor to order the replacing or fix of the faulty work. The contractors will so hold a claim against the proprietor at the terminal of the undertaking in the event that the contractors had conformed to the programs and specifications they received. The chance of this go oning during the building works at St John’s College is really prevailing as the edifice is really old and has non been occupied for some clip and some defects may non be evident during the first reviews of the edifice. In this instance it is the author’s sentiment that a clause should be stipulated in the contract with the chief contractor th at a certain sum of money should be held in keeping as a precaution against any defects that may originate during the building procedure. A latent defect can be defined as building defects that are non readily evident or ascertainable during an review of the completed plants. A building contract should include a latent defects clause so the proprietor of the belongings has a certain sum of clip to foreground a building defect. In the event when the clip frame in this latent clause expires the proprietor may still do the contractor accountable for the building defects. This can be when the contractor is in breach of contract or in a instance of responsibility of attention under carelessness jurisprudence. [ 12 ] Brooding acquisition Bibliography Books John Scriven, etel ( 1999 ) .a contractual usher to major building undertakings. London: Sweet A ; Maxwell. John Uff ( 1996 ) .Construction jurisprudence. 6th erectile dysfunction. London: Sweet A ; Maxwell. Susan Fink ( 1997 ) .Health and safety jurisprudence for the building industry. London: Thomas Telford. Web sites 1870 – St. John’s College, Waterford.Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //archiseek.com/2014/1870-st-johns-college-waterford/ . Last accessed 13/03/2015. Amelia Sorohan.Latent defects: key issues( 2012 ) . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.arthurcox.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Latent-defects-key-issues.pdf. Last accessed 15/03/2015. Architectural heritage protection( 2011 ) . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ahg.gov.ie/en/Publications/HeritagePublications/BuiltHeritagePolicyPublications/Architectural.pdf. Last accessed 10/03/2015. Construction Contract Terminology( 2010 ).Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.contract-laws.com/terminology.html # range. Last accessed 15/03/2015. First Social Housing Scheme Funded with Private Borrowing from AIB.Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.respond.ie/events/first-social-housing-scheme-funded-private-borrowing-aib/ . Last accessed 11/03/2015. Marilyn Klinger. ( 2009 ) .Confronting Construction Conflicts.Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //ecmweb.com/ops-amp-maintenance/confronting-construction-conflicts. Last accessed 13/03/2015. Main Record – County Waterford.Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.buildingsofireland.ie/niah/search.jsp? type=record A ; county=WA ®no=22830075. Last accessed 10/03/2015. Pull offing wellness and safety in building( 2007 ).Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.docs.csg.ed.ac.uk/EstatesBuildings/HealthandSafety/Managing_health_and_safety_in_construction.pdf. Last accessed 15/03/2015. Protected constructions.( 2011 ) . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.citizensinformation.ie/en/housing/building_or_altering_a_home/protected_structures.html. Last accessed 10/03/2015. Public Works Contract for edifice plants( 2014 ) . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //constructionprocurement.gov.ie/wp-content/uploads/PW-CF1_Contract.pdf. Last accessed 10/03/2015. Safety, wellness and public assistance at work ( building ) ordinances 2013.( 2013 ) . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hsa.ie/eng/Legislation/New_Legislation/SI_291_2013.pdf. Last accessed 13/03/2015. Saint John ‘s College, Richardson ‘s Folly, Waterford, County Waterford.Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.buildingsofireland.ie/niah/search.jsp? type=record A ; county=WA ®no=22830069. Last accessed 11/03/2015. St Johns College, Waterford.Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mythenconstruction.ie/st-johns-college-waterford/ ( 2014 ) . Last accessed 11/03/2015. 1 How to cite Architectural BIM Technology, Essay examples

Architectural BIM Technology Free Essays

string(123) " gives the contractors command for the occupation and those working on site the safety issues specific to the undertaking\." Architectural A ; BIM Technology Executive sum-up The undermentioned papers is based on the development of St John’s college Waterford metropolis. A brief debut will present the reader to the plants being carried out in the development itself. A background on the history of the college edifice is carried out and from here the chief legal issues that will originate in such a undertaking will be outlined and three of these issues will be examined in more item. We will write a custom essay sample on Architectural BIM Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now These issues will be be aftering with regard to preservation A ; protected constructions, wellness A ; safety and contractual differences. At the terminal of the study a brooding acquisition piece will be written to demo what the writer has learned during this procedure. Introduction The undermentioned study is based on the development that will take topographic point at St John’s college Waterford metropolis. The study will foremost place the chief legal issues that could originate in such a development and secondly critically measure these legal issues. Not all of the chief legal countries will be looked into but all these countries will be listed in the subdivision below. From this subdivision three legal issues will be chosen and analysed in greater deepness from an designer A ; architectural technician’s point of position. The development that is taking topographic point is financed by the respond lodging association. The chief contractors for the plants to be carried out are Mythen building. The development will include the undermentioned, a full restoral of the college edifice which will include 21 self-contained flats along with a twenty-four hours Centre for aged people. An extra 36 new construct one sleeping room flats will be constructed on site analogue to the folly route. [ 1 ] Main legal issues Planing with regard to preservation A ; protected constructions Boundaries A ; easements On site contracts Contractual differences Health A ; safety Tendering issues Duty of attention The three issues that will be analysed in greater deepness will be be aftering with regard to preservation A ; protected constructions, wellness A ; safety and contractual differences. St John’s college background St John’s College site is located at john’s hill, Richardson folly, Waterford metropolis ( fig.3 ) . Harmonizing to the national stock list of architectural heritage the edifice was constructed between the old ages 1865-1875. The college was originally designed by designer George Goldie [ 2 ] . The design of the edifice can be slackly termed the Gothic resurgence manner ( fig. 4 ) . The edifice is listed as protected constructions ( reg. no. 22830069 ) [ 3 ] while the entryway along Johns hill ( fig.5 ) is besides listed as a protected construction ( reg. no. 22830075 ) [ 4 ] . A full description of both these protected constructions can be found on the national stock list of architectural heritage web site. The original usage of the edifice was a theological college and this was the instance up until 1990’s when the edifice was closed due to a diminution in career [ 5 ] . The edifice has been left unoccupied now for a figure of old ages. In 2007 the respond lodg ing association in partnership with local authoritiess, communities and the section of environment purchased the college edifice and a part of the environing land with the purpose of lodging for the aged strategy [ 6 ] . Planing permission for protected constructions In order for the development to derive be aftering permission the developer will hold to plan programs that are in conformity with the Waterford metropolis council development program 2013 and the planning and development act 2000. This is due to the college edifice being listed as a protected construction ( reg. no. 22830069 ) . Before any planning permission can be received a full architectural heritage impact appraisal and an expert adviser survey must be carried out by a preservation specializer that records the architectural important of the college and recommendations for preservation. The chief elements of plants to the protected constructions will be the fix and renovation of the college edifice. Prior to the beginning of any plants or fixs and refurbishments a written specification of plants and a works method statement should be submitted to the Waterford metropolis council for understanding in relation to the protected construction. All plants carried out in relation to the protected construction should be carried out in conformity with the best pattern preservation methodological analysiss ; the heritage councils published advice on rules of good pattern in direction of architectural heritage, these are as follows [ 7 ] : Avoidance of unneeded plants. Repair instead than replacing of deteriorated or damaged characteristics. Minimal intercession. Reversibility. Use designers and applied scientists trained in edifice preservation. In the planning and development act 2000 protected constructions are covered under portion IV subdivision 58 which states the followers: â€Å"Each proprietor and each occupier shall, to the extent consistent with the rights and duties originating out of their several involvements in a protected construction or a proposed protected construction, guarantee that the construction, or any component of it which contributes to its particular architectural, historical, archeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, societal or proficient involvement, is non endangered†. [ 8 ] With these judicial admissions being addressed and adhered to be aftering permission will hold a greater opportunity of being approved by the Waterford county council. Health and safety The plants carried out for this edifice will hold to follow with the safety, wellness and public assistance at plants ordinances 2013. These ordinances give counsel on the proper processs that must be in topographic point before and during building. First the client must name a undertaking supervisor for both the design procedure and the building phase. The client can be self-appointed if competent to set about the responsibilities involved. These individuals must be appointed before or at the design procedure phase and the beginning of the building phase. The client should besides be sensible satisfied that the individuals allocated will hold the resources to enable that individual to execute the responsibilities posed under these ordinance before the beginning of plants. [ 9 ] Health and safety program This program gives the contractors command for the occupation and those working on site the safety issues specific to the undertaking. You read "Architectural BIM Technology" in category "Essay examples" The program can be divided into two subdivisions: the pre-tender program and the concluding program. The pre-tender program should be orgainsed by the undertaking supervisor that will be appointed to the undertaking. This program should be prepared every bit shortly as possible when the undertaking is conceived and submitted as portion of the stamp certification. This program should besides put out all of the important safety hazards associated with the undertaking, hence leting the contractor to develop wellness and safety processs and systems for the undertaking. The Pre-tender program should incorporate the followers: Information such as the completion day of the month, site information, conditions and current usage etc. Foreseeable wellness and safety hazards in the design. The building methods recommended by the interior decorator. Any extra information the planning supervisor believes the contractors should be made cognizant of to digest the safety of workers. From here the chief contractor will be appointed and will go at that place duty to develop the program farther into its concluding signifier. The client must so guarantee that this concluding program is developed to a high degree to allow building plants to get down. The concluding program should incorporate the followers: The wellness and safety direction regulations and processs developed for the site. The safety direction construction developed for the undertaking. Any issues the contractor may raise in hazard appraisal prepared in conformity with the safety, wellness and public assistance at plants ordinances 2013. Rules for supervising conformity with the program. Health and safety file The planning supervisor has the duty of fixing a wellness and safety file for all constructions that comprise the building undertaking. This file should incorporate the information on the construction design, building and how the edifice will be used by the residents. The followers should be in the completed wellness and safety file: Detailss of the building method and stuffs. A record of drawings and programs used throughout the period of building. Detailss on the location and nature of public-service corporations and services. Detailss of equipment and care installations. Any information from the wellness and safety program that would be relevant for future undertakings. This file is to be made available for review by any individual e.g. sub-contractors who may necessitate it to follow with their statutory responsibilities or to any individual geting an involvement in the premises by the client. Contractual differences On big building undertakings contractual differences can frequently originate, this has become more common topographic point over the last figure of old ages due to the economic down bend. Construction undertaking participants are non willing or able to compromise and utilize hard currency to smooth over unsmooth musca volitanss hence differences arise and finally must be resolved in the legal system. For the intent of this study two countries of contractual differences will be examined in deepness, range of plants and building defects. Scope of plants A range of plants is defined by the building contract between the owner/client and the contractor. All contractors involved in a building undertaking have a range of plants, the sub-contractors range of plants are contractually defined but different from the chief contractors. The range of plants set out by the proprietor should be really explicitly defined due to contractors non being contractually obliged to execute plants that are beyond the contractual range of plants. Harmonizing to the RIAI Standard Form of Contract: â€Å"For the consideration hereinafter mentioned the Contractor will upon and subject to the Conditions annexed hereto execute and finish the Works shown upon the Contract Drawings and/or described in the Specification, Bills of Quantities and Conditions all of which together with this understanding are hereafter referred to as the „Contract DocumentsaˆY[ 10 ]. In the event where the proprietor issues a alteration of order to the original range of work, this may be considered a breach of contract and can let the contractors to halt plant until both parties reach an understanding sing the alteration or excess plants that fall beyond the original contractual range of plants. In the instance of programs and specifications, differences can originate between the proprietor, contractors and design professionals when they interpret paperss otherwise, particularly when the description of plants in programs and specifications are ill-defined or equivocal. The proprietor has the implied guarantee that the programs and specifications are right, accurate and buildable. [ 11 ] Construction defects Construction defects can originate at two times, the first being during the building procedure while the 2nd being a good trade of clip after the building is finished, this is known as latent defects. Over the class of the building period the proprietor may place excess plants in the instance of defects that is either non in the original range of plants or non in conformity with the programs and specifications. A difference arises when the contractors do non hold with the owner’s averment of the faulty building. The contractors by and large allow the proprietor to order the replacing or fix of the faulty work. The contractors will so hold a claim against the proprietor at the terminal of the undertaking in the event that the contractors had conformed to the programs and specifications they received. The chance of this go oning during the building works at St John’s College is really prevailing as the edifice is really old and has non been occupied for some clip and some defects may non be evident during the first reviews of the edifice. In this instance it is the author’s sentiment that a clause should be stipulated in the contract with the chief contractor th at a certain sum of money should be held in keeping as a precaution against any defects that may originate during the building procedure. A latent defect can be defined as building defects that are non readily evident or ascertainable during an review of the completed plants. A building contract should include a latent defects clause so the proprietor of the belongings has a certain sum of clip to foreground a building defect. In the event when the clip frame in this latent clause expires the proprietor may still do the contractor accountable for the building defects. This can be when the contractor is in breach of contract or in a instance of responsibility of attention under carelessness jurisprudence. [ 12 ] Brooding acquisition Bibliography Books John Scriven, etel ( 1999 ) .a contractual usher to major building undertakings. London: Sweet A ; Maxwell. John Uff ( 1996 ) .Construction jurisprudence. 6th erectile dysfunction. London: Sweet A ; Maxwell. Susan Fink ( 1997 ) .Health and safety jurisprudence for the building industry. London: Thomas Telford. Web sites 1870 – St. John’s College, Waterford.Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //archiseek.com/2014/1870-st-johns-college-waterford/ . Last accessed 13/03/2015. Amelia Sorohan.Latent defects: key issues( 2012 ) . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.arthurcox.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Latent-defects-key-issues.pdf. Last accessed 15/03/2015. Architectural heritage protection( 2011 ) . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ahg.gov.ie/en/Publications/HeritagePublications/BuiltHeritagePolicyPublications/Architectural.pdf. Last accessed 10/03/2015. Construction Contract Terminology( 2010 ).Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.contract-laws.com/terminology.html # range. Last accessed 15/03/2015. First Social Housing Scheme Funded with Private Borrowing from AIB.Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.respond.ie/events/first-social-housing-scheme-funded-private-borrowing-aib/ . Last accessed 11/03/2015. Marilyn Klinger. ( 2009 ) .Confronting Construction Conflicts.Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //ecmweb.com/ops-amp-maintenance/confronting-construction-conflicts. Last accessed 13/03/2015. Main Record – County Waterford.Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.buildingsofireland.ie/niah/search.jsp? type=record A ; county=WA ®no=22830075. Last accessed 10/03/2015. Pull offing wellness and safety in building( 2007 ).Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.docs.csg.ed.ac.uk/EstatesBuildings/HealthandSafety/Managing_health_and_safety_in_construction.pdf. Last accessed 15/03/2015. Protected constructions.( 2011 ) . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.citizensinformation.ie/en/housing/building_or_altering_a_home/protected_structures.html. Last accessed 10/03/2015. Public Works Contract for edifice plants( 2014 ) . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //constructionprocurement.gov.ie/wp-content/uploads/PW-CF1_Contract.pdf. Last accessed 10/03/2015. Safety, wellness and public assistance at work ( building ) ordinances 2013.( 2013 ) . Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hsa.ie/eng/Legislation/New_Legislation/SI_291_2013.pdf. Last accessed 13/03/2015. Saint John ‘s College, Richardson ‘s Folly, Waterford, County Waterford.Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.buildingsofireland.ie/niah/search.jsp? type=record A ; county=WA ®no=22830069. Last accessed 11/03/2015. St Johns College, Waterford.Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mythenconstruction.ie/st-johns-college-waterford/ ( 2014 ) . Last accessed 11/03/2015. 1 How to cite Architectural BIM Technology, Essay examples

Annotated Bibliography Project Management System

Question: Describe about the Annotated Bibliography. Answer: Atlassian Blogs, A. 2012. (Case Study) MGM technology partners use JIRA to connect development projects directly to customers - Atlassian Blogs. [online] Atlassian Blogs. Available at: https://blogs.atlassian.com/2012/01/case-study-jira-to-connect-development-projects-to-customers/ [Accessed 2 Jun. 2016]. MGM defines success as the ever-increasing organizational needs scalability regarding its client's successful business through the Management Support System. Hence, they involve the customers directly in the process of enhanced decision-making. The set-up method equips the clients with JIRA logins and emails. At one instance, there run seventy programs in JIRA, along with eight hundred users, the span ranging from a week to more than a year. A dashboard displays relevant information. Priority is assigned by GreenHopper; that indicates a project's priority to the customers It is essentially required to highlight the details and the objectives. Hence, the requisites must be clearly stated and stored in a standard repository. For this purpose, MGM utilizes JIRA for the distinct statement of the requirements, and for the consistent storage of these, so that the developers attain the information for the work, as and when required. The commencement of the project is followed by modifications in the requirements from the customers, change in the requests and the bugs. To get the customers approve the bug fix or the execution of isolated manual testing requires engagement to a huge extent, arousing consent in the clients mind. The software organization benefits from the involvement of the end-users in the process, for sale or internal operations for the software. Agile project management at Gamification Company Atlassian Blogs, A. (2011). (Case Study) Agile project management at gamification company - Atlassian Blogs. [online] Atlassian Blogs. Available at: https://blogs.atlassian.com/2011/07/case_study_agile_project_management_at_gamification_company/ [Accessed 2 Jun. 2016]. BigDoor felt the need of a project tracker software to cope up with the rising organizational needs and implemented JIRA for the technological improvement. BigDoor assists companies in increasing the web-traffic by injecting competitive information, and increment the revenue through advanced Application Program Interfaces options. BigDoor has hundreds of net publishers and millions of projects in Application program interfaces. In an attempt to analyze the available project tracker software, JIRA won the race. Currently, JIRA has facilitated a lightning fast, scalable business with compact codes and worthy code feedbacks. Banana Scrum transformed into a paid service and Bitbucket lacked some major project management tools needed at that time. Thus, it was justified to shift the project with issue trackers to JIRA. JIRA also consolidates code feedbacks and dynamic integrations through certain tools. Ranging from Confluence to code reviewing, JIRA focuses on advanced issue tracking and GreenHopper, prioritizes and schedules work for agile management support system. Hitting on a large assignment involves the formation of wiki paging in Google Docs, segmenting them into weekly work for the developers. Integrating the fragments, it is sent to JIRA. Thus, JIRA has facilitated the management support system of the projects and delivered a more integrated model for the scalable organizational demands. Constructing a decision support system for management of employee turnover risk Wang, X., Wang, H., Wang, H., Zhang, L. Cao, X. 2011. Constructing a decision support system for management of employee turnover risk. Information Technology and Management, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp.187-196. The technological improvements may just account for the development of the Management Support System which in turn has developed the Decision Support System. Unstructured or incompletely structured problems can be solved through the decision support systems. However, static DSS deals with predefined data; active DSS provide solutions to complicated and unstructured problem sets. DSSs of employees turnover management of risk, utilize human resource database and Knowledge data warehouses, to provide solutions to the inquiry. However, due to lack of standardized tools and models, problems faced are a comparison of solutions to each result and the corresponding algorithm, no method of judgment in the case of same restraints for results and databases, lack of practicality in transferring universal processes, and slow sharing of intermediate information of algorithm results in the databases. This continues week after week, with respective releases. JIRA is very important in the aspects of tracking the project and making it agile by adding or editing the flow of work for a particular project. The DSS model for this purpose comprises Database Management System, Model-based management system and dialogue management system. The components for this DSS are the different platforms, the database systems for all domain of data, data warehouses for risk related data, data mining for efficient information, algorithms as tools, knowledge warehouses for analytical methodologies along with Human-Computer interactive client Interfaces. The strategies achieved include strengthening of human resource data management, optimizing incentive planning, establish organization specific corporate and social cultures, and enhanced decision management and learning initiatives. Zavadskas, E., Vaininas, P., Turskis, Z. Tamosaitiene, J. 2012. Multiple Criteria Decision Support System For Assessment Of Projects Managers In Construction. Int. J. Info. Tech. Dec. Mak., Vol. 11, No. 02, pp.501-520. With the increasing needs of the technology for the MSS, DSS can be implemented for solutions throughout the project life cycle. The multiple criteria model for assessment comprises Identification process, Appraisal process and Assessment with the decision. The decision making model involves the following categories. These are the description of the internal and the external environmental factors, stakeholder requisites, followed by the identification and grouping of the criteria and the manager selection as per the criteria. The appraisal part includes two levels of the identifications of the assessments stakeholder requirements, and alternative. The assessment and the decision method involves the methodologies to develop the solution, the generic results, analyzing the generated solutions. If they are satisfying, then the overall result is published and if not, the process is repeated. The ranking of the managers is done by the COPRAS method, and the AHP process helps to assign weights to the attributes. Apart from these, the MCDM models have also been used for the effective ranking and the evaluation issues to be decided and also for developing the alternatives in the construction. The projects are dependent on the fundamental principles of time, scope, human resource and quality project consolidation and other parameters. This complicated decision process is represented by a tree that has the goal as the source node and the different parameters of the project as the child nodes. Lahutta, D. Wroski, P., 2014. Changes in Management Support/Information Systems and Barriers in Implementing These Methods: The Case of Poland and India. InHuman Capital without Borders: Knowledge and Learning for Quality of Life; Proceedings of the Management, Knowledge and Learning International Conference 2014(pp. 185-193). ToKnowPress. The management support systems evolve at a dynamic basis. The change is primarily triggered by the technological progress and the automation of the manufacturing procedures and management. The barriers that are faced in the advancement of the management support systems include the factors discussed in the following paragraph. The essential factors are the essentiality of the association of a huge amount of work regarding the implementation and data of the project, lack of plan executing and system operating competency, hurdles that re faced with the information collection, and the lack of interest from the employees due to their opposing decisions. The fundamental factors for the opposition of the employees and the lack of their engagement are the penalties for their failure, lack of related knowledge at times, the non-repudiation of their activities, and the lack of motivation from the management team. However the changed or the former systems may be compared with respect to the criteria, which include the complexities in the systems evaluation, the employees opposition and non-engagement in the evolution operations, the lack of the knowledge regarding the advancements that the new decision can bring, the sky-high costs at times, inappropriate knowledge of the management support system implementations, the bad attitude of the managers and the other macro factors. References Agile Gamification, A. (2014). Agile Gamification. [online] Agile Gamification. Blog.mgm-tp.com, B. (2016). Successfully Embracing JIRA in the whole Project Lifecycle - JIRA beyond Bug Tracking, Part 1 MGM technology blog. Bonczek, R.H., Holsapple, C.W. and Whinston, A.B., 2014.Foundations of decision support systems. Academic Press. Demirkan, H. and Delen, D., 2013. Leveraging the capabilities of service-oriented decision support systems: Putting analytics and big data in the cloud.Decision Support Systems,Vol. 55, No. 1, pp.412-421. Hashemkhani Zolfani, S. and Bahrami, M., 2014. Investment was prioritizing in high-tech industries based on SWARA-COPRAS approach.Technological and Economic Development of Economy,Vol. 20, No. 3, pp.534-553. Malik, J., 2013.Agile Project Management with GreenHopper 6 Blueprints. Packt Publishing Ltd. YourArticleLibrary.com: The Next Generation Library. (2013). The importance of Management Support Systems for Business Enterprises.

Analysis of Computer Organisation and Architecture

Questions: Answer the following questions: 1. How many 256*8 RAM chips are needed to provide a memory capacity of 4096 bytes? (a) How many bits will each address contain? (b) How many lines must go to each chip? (c) How many lines must be decoded for the chip select inputs? Specify the size of the decoder. 2. Write a program to evaluate the arithmetic statement x = (a( b + c ) d - e) using a stack organized computer with zero-address instructions (so only pop and push can access memory). 3. Consider a byte-addressable computer with 16-bit addresses, a cache capable of storing a total of 2K bytes of data, and blocks of 8 bytes. Show the format (include field names and sizes) of a 16-bit memory address for: (a) direct mapped (b) fully associative (c) 4-way set associative (d) Where (which block or set) in cache would the memory address BAD016be mapped for each of three mapping techniques above? You can specify the answer in decimal if you wish. 4. More registers appears to be a good thing, in terms of reducing the total number of memory accesses a program might require. Using the arithmetic expression S = (A+B)-(C+D), support this statement. [Hints: First, determine the number of memory accesses necessary using MARIE and the two registers for holding memory data values (AC and MBR). Then perform the same arithmetic computation for a processor that has more than three registers (for example, R1, R2, R3, R4) to hold memory data values]. 5. Suppose a process page table contains the entries shown below. Using the format shown in Table, indicate where the process pages are located in memory. Page Frame Valid Bit 0 -- 0 1 3 1 2 -- 0 3 -- 0 4 2 1 5 0 1 6 -- 0 7 1 1 6. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of dynamic linking. 7. Suppose a disk drive has the following characteristics: 6 surfaces 953 tracks per surface 256 sectors per track 512 bytes/sector Tract-to-track seek time of 6.5 milliseconds Rotational speed of 5,400 RPM. (a) What is the capacity of the drive? (b) What is the access time? 8. Suppose you have the instruction Add 800. The memory contents are given below, and the contents of AC and the base register are 200 and 100 respectively. Memory address value 800 900 900 1000 1000 500 1100 600 1200 800 1300 250 What would be loaded into the AC if the addressing mode for the operand is: (a) immediate (b) direct (c)indirect (d)indexed Answers: 1Total memory capacity is 4096 bytes, each chip capacity is 256*8 bytes, so 2 chips are required to address 4096 bytes of memory. (a) 12 (4096 bytes can addressed using 212-1, so 12 bites are required) (b) 11 (Total address line number lines used to select chips) (c) 1, 1x2( 1 input line which is decoded into two select lines) 2.push a push x push b push + push c pop c pop b add b,c push b pop b pop a mul a,b push a push x push d pop d pop a mul a,d push a push - push e pop e pop a sub a,e 3. Capacity of Cache is 2k bytes and each block is 8 bytes, so number of cache blocks are 256. So represent 256 cache blocks 8 bytes are required.3 bits are used to represent the 8 bytes in each block (a)In direct method each memory block mapped to particular cache line, so it is inexpensive but lot of thrashing will happen if more number memory blocks compare to number of cache lines. 8 bits cache line, 3 bits for data in block, total 11 bits and rest of the 5 bits used for tag to identify the block. Tag (5) 8bits (cache block) 3 bits (block data) (b)In full associative, any block can go into any line of the cache. This means that the word id bits are used to identify which word in the block is needed, but the tag becomes all of the remaining bits Tag (13) 3 bits (block data) (c)It is like direct mapping only but difference is one memory block can go into 4 cache lines, can occupy any free line among these 4 lines, like this every memory block mapped to 4 cache lines.Now instead of line identifier, use bits for the set identifier. So 8 bits will become 6 bits because 256 cache line are grouped into 64 sets as it is 4 way set associative. Tag (7) 6bits (Cache sets) 3 bits(block data) (d)BAD0 == 1011 1010 1101 0000 Direct mapping: 720 Full Associative: 8,16, ...etc 4-way set associative: 832, 840,848,856 4. With AC and MBR Load A Add B Store A Load C Add D Store C Load A Sub C Memory references: 8 With R1, R2, R3, R4 registers Mov R1, A Mov R2, B Mov R3, C Mov R4, D Add R1,R2 Add R3,R4 sub R1,R3 Memory references: 4 Which is almost half. 5. Page 1 is located in the frame 3 of RAM and valid bit set so it is in RAM Page 4 is located in the frame 2 of RAM and valid bit set so it is in RAM age 5 is located in the frame 0 of RAM and valid bit set so it is in RAM Page 7 is located in the frame 7 of RAM and valid bit set so it is in RAM 6. Advantages: 1. Attaching the libraries dynamically to the executable, it needs less space on disk the executable to store. 2. Many executables can shares the same library dynamically 3. Any modifications to library does not demand the executable to recompile. Disadvantages: 1.Entire library has to be loaded if one function referenced from executable 7. (a)Total capacity = 6 * 953 * 256 * 512 = 749469696 bytes (b) Access time = tract-to-track seek time + seek time to reach sector = 6.5ms + (0.5*60*1000)/5400 ms = 6.5 + 5.5ms = 12ms 8. (a) Add 800, here it is Value, so AC value will become 200 + 800 = 1000 (b) Add 800, Here it is Address, so AC value will become 200 + 900 = 1100 (c) Add 800, Here it is Indirect address, so AC value will become 200 + Value at (Value at(800)) 200 + Value at ( 900) 200 + 1000 = 1200 (d) Add 800, Here it is value at (Base+800) AC value will become 200 + Value at(100 + 800) = 200 + 1000 = 1200.